Kerala Grapples with Deadly Brain-Eating Amoeba Outbreak

 

 

Kerala is confronting a rare yet lethal health crisis as cases of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) rise sharply. The brain-invading amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, has so far infected 67 individuals and claimed 19 lives in 2025, prompting urgent measures from state health officials.

 Understanding Naegleria fowleri

This microscopic amoeba naturally inhabits warm freshwater sources such as lakes, rivers, ponds, and inadequately chlorinated swimming pools. Infection occurs when contaminated water enters the nasal passages, allowing the amoeba to reach the brain. The illness escalates rapidly, often proving fatal within days. Early warning signs include fever, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and stiff neck, quickly progressing to disorientation, seizures, and coma. With a global survival rate below 2%, PAM is exceptionally dangerous.

 Outbreak Dynamics in Kerala

Districts like Kozhikode, Malappuram, Alappuzha, and Thiruvananthapuram have reported the majority of cases, affecting all age groups—from infants to the elderly. The state government has issued a high-alert warning, ensuring hospitals are prepared and launching awareness campaigns to educate citizens about prevention.

 Steps to Prevent Infection

Kerala’s authorities have introduced several initiatives to combat the outbreak:

• Water Safety Enforcement: Public swimming pools are required to maintain proper chlorination levels, with penalties for non-compliance.

• Awareness Campaigns: Programs like “Jalamanu Jeevan” (Water is Life) instruct residents on avoiding untreated freshwater and the importance of nasal hygiene.

• Diagnostic Enhancements: New molecular laboratories allow for faster detection and treatment of PAM cases.

Medical experts emphasize that although PAM is rare, preventive measures are critical. Citizens are advised to avoid diving in stagnant water, especially during hot weather, and to use boiled or sterilized water for nasal cleaning.

 Moving Forward

This outbreak underscores the delicate balance between humans and natural water environments. Continued vigilance, hygiene, and prompt medical attention remain key to minimizing the risk. With proper precautions, Kerala aims to contain the outbreak and protect its residents from further tragedies.

Description: Kerala is facing a severe outbreak of the deadly brain-eating amoeba, infecting 67 people and causing 19 deaths. Health authorities emphasize water safety and public awareness to prevent further spread of this rare infection.